In vitro fertilization (IVF)
In vitro fertilization (IVF) is the method in which a woman’s egg is joined with a man’s embryo in a laboratory that is artificially constructed. IVF means outside the body. Fertilization happens when the embryo’s sperm is attached to an egg before entering the egg.
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Description
Normally it is the case that sperm gets fertilized within the woman’s body. The fertilized egg is attached to the lining 9 months before the time when the baby is born. This is known as natural or unassisted reproduction.
IVF (implantable fertilization transfer) is assisted in the process of reproductive technology (ART). IVF employs specific medical methods to aid women in getting pregnant. It is often used when other fertility methods fail.
IVF can be performed with five different steps.
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Stimulation, or superovulation
Fertility medications can be given to women to boost egg production.
A single egg is typically produced each month by women. Ovaries are instructed by fertility medication on the number of eggs they can produce.
Regular transvaginal ultrasounds are available to women who want to test their ovaries as well as test their hormone levels.
Step 2: Retrieving eggs
Follicular aspiration, the smallest procedure used to remove eggs from the female body is referred to as follicular aspiration.
The majority of surgeries are done in the office of the doctor. The medications are given to make sure that the patient doesn’t experience any discomfort. For guidance, ultrasound images are utilized. The needle is inserted through the vagina, and then into every ovary. The needle is attached to a suction device that draws out the follicle’s eggs as well as fluid one at a time.
Repeat for each ovary the procedure. You might feel some cramping however, it will go in a single day.
Sometimes an egg removal procedure might require an operation called a laparoscopy. If a patient is incapable or unwilling to make eggs, donated eggs could be utilized.
Step 3: Insemination & fertilization
Combining a man’s egg with sperm creates the highest eggs of the highest quality. Insemination is the process of combining sperm and egg.
The eggs as well as the anemones are stored in a protected area. The sperm is typically put into eggs within a matter of hours and fertilizes them.
If the odds of success with fertilization are not high, the doctor may opt to inject fertilized sperm directly into the egg. This is called intracytoplasmic fertilization (ICSI).
Numerous fertility clinics routinely use ICSI with eggs that look normal.
Step 4. Culture of the embryo
As it divides the fertilized egg will be known as an embryo. To make sure that the embryo is developing properly, personnel from the laboratory will check it. Normal embryos will have lots of cells in active division within five days.
For couples who are at chance of inheriting a genetic disorder (hereditary), the pre-implantation genetic diagnostic (PGD) could be an alternative. The procedure is usually completed in three to five working days following fertilization. To test for genetic disorders the embryos are taken away.
As per the American Society for Reproductive Medicine, PGD can be used by parents to assist them to select the embryos they would like to implant. This can reduce the possibility that a child will develop the disorder. This approach is not offered in all centers.
Step 5: Transfer the embryo
After fertilization and egg retrieval the embryos are placed into the womb by the mother three to five days later.
The doctor will conduct the procedure in the presence of the woman. The doctor will insert the tube (or tiny tube) that contains embryos into the stomach of the woman through her cervical cavity and then into the womb of the woman. If the embryo can stick to the lining of her womb, it will develop.
Multiple embryos may be implanted at the same time in the womb which can result in triplets, multiples, or even more. The quantity and age of the embryos transferred will be based on a variety of variables, such as the age of the woman.
It is possible to freeze embryos that haven’t been used, and then donate them or store them for later use.
Why the Procedure is Performed
IVF is a procedure that helps women become pregnant. It is utilized to treat various reasons for infertility such as:
- Older women (advanced mother’s age)
- Fallopian tubes that are blocked or damaged (can cause pelvic inflammation or previous reproductive surgery)
- Endometriosis
- Male factor infertility includes reduced sperm count and blockage
- Unexplained infertility
Risks
IVF is a huge investment of emotional and physical energy in terms of time, money, and effort. Couples who are struggling with infertility are afflicted with anxiety and depression…
Women who are taking fertility medications could experience constipation, abdominal pain and headaches, mood swings, and other adverse effects. Repetition of IVF injections may cause bruises.
In rare instances, fertility drugs can trigger ovarian hyperstimulation disorder (OHSS). The condition is characterized by the accumulation of fluids within the chest and abdomen. The symptoms include abdominal discomfort, bloating, rapid weight growth (10 weight or 4.5 kilograms in three to five days) as well as a decreased frequency of urination, despite taking plenty of fluids nausea vomiting, and breathlessness. In mild cases, it is possible to treat with rest. The more severe cases will require the removal of the fluid via an injection and perhaps hospitalization.
Medical research has shown that fertility drugs do not cause cancer of the ovary.
Egg retrieval is a risk that can cause a reaction to pain, bleeding infections, and damage to the structures around the ovaries including the bladder and bowel.
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